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Sha Zhu and
James H. Degnan. Displayed Trees Do Not Determine Distinguishability Under the Network Multispecies Coalescent. In SB, Vol. 66(2):283-298, 2017.
Keywords: branch length, coalescent, explicit network, from network, likelihood, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Hybrid-coal, Program Hybrid-Lambda, Program PhyloNet, software, uniqueness.
Note: presentation available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLYGTfEZG7g.
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Bingxin Lu,
Louxin Zhang and
Hon Wai Leong. A program to compute the soft Robinson-Foulds distance between phylogenetic networks. In APBC17, Vol. 18(Suppl. 2):111 of BMC Genomics, 2017.
Keywords: cluster containment, distance between networks, explicit network, exponential algorithm, from network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program icelu-PhyloNetwork.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3500-5.
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Jesper Jansson,
Ramesh Rajaby and
Wing-Kin Sung. An Efficient Algorithm for the Rooted Triplet Distance Between Galled Trees. In AlCoB17, Vol. 10252:115-126 of LNCS, Springer, 2017.
Keywords: distance between networks, from network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, reconstruction, triplet distance.
Note: .
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Andreas Gunawan,
Bhaskar DasGupta and
Louxin Zhang. Locating a Tree in a Reticulation-Visible Network in Cubic Time. In RECOMB2016, Vol. 9649:266 of LNBI, Springer, 2016.
Keywords: cluster containment, explicit network, from clusters, from network, from rooted trees, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, reticulation-visible network, tree containment.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.02119.
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Sajad Mirzaei and
Yufeng Wu. Fast Construction of Near Parsimonious Hybridization Networks for Multiple Phylogenetic Trees. In TCBB, Vol. 13(3):565-570, 2016.
Keywords: bound, explicit network, from rooted trees, heuristic, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program PIRN, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~ywu/Papers/PIRNs-preprint.pdf.
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Philippe Gambette,
Andreas Gunawan,
Anthony Labarre,
Stéphane Vialette and
Louxin Zhang. Solving the Tree Containment Problem for Genetically Stable Networks in Quadratic Time. In IWOCA15, Vol. 9538:197-208 of LNCS, springer, 2016.
Keywords: explicit network, from network, from rooted trees, genetically stable network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, tree containment.
Note: https://hal-upec-upem.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01226035 .
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François Chevenet,
Jean-Philippe Doyon,
Celine Scornavacca,
Edwin Jacox,
Emmanuelle Jousselin and
Vincent Berry. SylvX: a viewer for phylogenetic tree reconciliations. In BIO, Vol. 32(4):608-610, 2016.
Keywords: duplication, explicit network, from rooted trees, from species tree, lateral gene transfer, loss, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program SylvX, software, visualization.
Note: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Emmanuelle_Jousselin/publication/283446016_SylvX_a_viewer_for_phylogenetic_tree_reconciliations/links/5642146108aec448fa621efa.pdf.
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Hussein A. Hejase and
Kevin J. Liu. A scalability study of phylogenetic network inference methods using empirical datasets and simulations involving a single reticulation. Vol. 17(422):1-12, 2016.
Keywords: abstract network, evaluation, from sequences, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program PhyloNet, Program PhyloNetworks SNaQ, reconstruction, simulation, unicyclic network.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-016-1277-1.
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James Oldman,
Taoyang Wu,
Leo van Iersel and
Vincent Moulton. TriLoNet: Piecing together small networks to reconstruct reticulate evolutionary histories. In MBE, Vol. 33(8):2151-2162, 2016.
Keywords: explicit network, from trinets, galled tree, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program LEV1ATHAN, Program TriLoNet, reconstruction.
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Juan Wang. A Survey of Methods for Constructing Rooted Phylogenetic Networks. In PLoS-ONE, Vol. 11(11):e0165834, 2016.
Keywords: evaluation, explicit network, from clusters, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program BIMLR, Program Dendroscope, Program LNetwork, reconstruction, survey.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165834.
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Leo van Iersel,
Steven Kelk and
Celine Scornavacca. Kernelizations for the hybridization number problem on multiple nonbinary trees. In JCSS, Vol. 82(6):1075-1089, 2016.
Keywords: explicit network, from rooted trees, kernelization, minimum number, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Treeduce, reconstruction.
Note: https://arxiv.org/abs/1311.4045v3.
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Mareike Fischer,
Leo van Iersel,
Steven Kelk and
Celine Scornavacca. On Computing The Maximum Parsimony Score Of A Phylogenetic Network. In SIDMA, Vol. 29(1):559-585, 2015.
Keywords: APX hard, cluster containment, explicit network, FPT, from network, from sequences, integer linear programming, level k phylogenetic network, NP complete, parsimony, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, Program MPNet, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/1302.2430.
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Philippe Gambette,
Andreas Gunawan,
Anthony Labarre,
Stéphane Vialette and
Louxin Zhang. Locating a Tree in A Phylogenetic Network in Quadratic Time. In RECOMB15, Vol. 9029:96-107 of LNCS, Springer, 2015.
Keywords: evaluation, explicit network, from network, from rooted trees, genetically stable network, nearly-stable network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, tree containment.
Note: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01116231/en.
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Misagh Kordi and
Mukul S. Bansal. On the Complexity of Duplication-Transfer-Loss Reconciliation with Non-Binary Gene Trees. In ISBRA15, Vol. 9096:187-198 of LNCS, springer, 2015.
Keywords: duplication, from rooted trees, from species tree, lateral gene transfer, loss, NP complete, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, reconstruction.
Note: http://compbio.engr.uconn.edu/papers/Kordi_ISBRA2015.pdf.
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Benjamin Albrecht. Computing all hybridization networks for multiple binary phylogenetic input trees. In BMCB, Vol. 16(236):1-15, 2015.
Keywords: agreement forest, explicit network, exponential algorithm, FPT, from rooted trees, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Hybroscale, Program PIRN, reconstruction.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-015-0660-7.
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Maxime Morgado. Propriétés structurelles et relations des classes de réseaux phylogénétiques. Master's thesis, ENS Cachan, 2015.
Keywords: compressed network, distinct-cluster network, explicit network, galled network, galled tree, level k phylogenetic network, nested network, normal network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, regular network, spread, tree child network, tree containment, tree sibling network, tree-based network, unicyclic network.
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Sha Zhu,
James H. Degnan,
Sharyn J. Goldstein and
Bjarki Eldon. Hybrid-Lambda: simulation of multiple merger and Kingman gene genealogies in species networks and species trees. In BMCB, Vol. 16(292):1-7, 2015.
Keywords: explicit network, from network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Hybrid-Lambda, simulation, software.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-015-0721-y.
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Gergely J. Szöllösi,
Adrián Arellano Davín,
Eric Tannier,
Vincent Daubin and
Bastien Boussau. Genome-scale phylogenetic analysis finds extensive gene transfer among fungi. In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 370(1678):1-11, 2015.
Keywords: duplication, from sequences, lateral gene transfer, loss, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program ALE, reconstruction.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0335.
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Gabriel Cardona,
Joan Carles Pons and
Francesc Rosselló. A reconstruction problem for a class of phylogenetic networks with lateral gene transfers. In ALMOB, Vol. 10(28):1-15, 2015.
Keywords: explicit network, from rooted trees, lateral gene transfer, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program LGTnetwork, reconstruction, software, tree-based network.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13015-015-0059-z.
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Hadi Poormohammadi,
Changiz Eslahchi and
Ruzbeh Tusserkani. TripNet: A Method for Constructing Rooted Phylogenetic Networks from Rooted Triplets. In PLoS ONE, Vol. 9(9):e106531, 2014.
Keywords: explicit network, from triplets, heuristic, level k phylogenetic network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program TripNet, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.3722.
Toggle abstract
"The problem of constructing an optimal rooted phylogenetic network from an arbitrary set of rooted triplets is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we present a heuristic algorithm called TripNet, which tries to construct a rooted phylogenetic network with the minimum number of reticulation nodes from an arbitrary set of rooted triplets. Despite of current methods that work for dense set of rooted triplets, a key innovation is the applicability of TripNet to non-dense set of rooted triplets. We prove some theorems to clarify the performance of the algorithm. To demonstrate the efficiency of TripNet, we compared TripNet with SIMPLISTIC. It is the only available software which has the ability to return some rooted phylogenetic network consistent with a given dense set of rooted triplets. But the results show that for complex networks with high levels, the SIMPLISTIC running time increased abruptly. However in all cases TripNet outputs an appropriate rooted phylogenetic network in an acceptable time. Also we tetsed TripNet on the Yeast data. The results show that Both TripNet and optimal networks have the same clustering and TripNet produced a level-3 network which contains only one more reticulation node than the optimal network."
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Sarah Bastkowski,
Andreas Spillner and
Vincent Moulton. Fishing for minimum evolution trees with Neighbor-Nets. In IPL, Vol. 114(1-2):3-18, 2014.
Keywords: circular split system, from distances, NeighborNet, phylogeny, polynomial.
Toggle abstract
"In evolutionary biology, biologists commonly use a phylogenetic tree to represent the evolutionary history of some set of species. A common approach taken to construct such a tree is to search through the space of all possible phylogenetic trees on the set so as to find one that optimizes some score function, such as the minimum evolution criterion. However, this is hampered by the fact that the space of phylogenetic trees is extremely large in general. Interestingly, an alternative approach, which has received somewhat less attention in the literature, is to instead search for trees within some set of bipartitions or splits of the set of species in question. Here we consider the problem of searching through a set of splits that is circular. Such sets can, for example, be generated by the NeighborNet algorithm for constructing phylogenetic networks. More specifically, we present an O(n4) time algorithm for finding an optimal minimum evolution tree in a circular set of splits on a set of species of size n. In addition, using simulations, we compare the performance of this algorithm when applied to NeighborNet output with that of FastME, a leading method for searching for minimum evolution trees in tree space. We find that, even though a circular set of splits represents just a tiny fraction of the total number of possible splits of a set, the trees obtained from circular sets compare quite favorably with those obtained with FastME, suggesting that the approach could warrant further investigation. © 2013 Elsevier B.V."
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Ran Libeskind-Hadas,
Yi-Chieh Wu,
Mukul S. Bansal and
Manolis Kellis. Pareto-optimal phylogenetic tree reconciliation. In ISMB14, Vol. 30:i87-i95 of BIO, 2014.
Keywords: duplication, lateral gene transfer, loss, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, Program Xscape, reconstruction.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu289.
Toggle abstract
"Motivation: Phylogenetic tree reconciliation is a widely used method for reconstructing the evolutionary histories of gene families and species, hosts and parasites and other dependent pairs of entities. Reconciliation is typically performed using maximum parsimony, in which each evolutionary event type is assigned a cost and the objective is to find a reconciliation of minimum total cost. It is generally understood that reconciliations are sensitive to event costs, but little is understood about the relationship between event costs and solutions. Moreover, choosing appropriate event costs is a notoriously difficult problem. Results: We address this problem by giving an efficient algorithm for computing Pareto-optimal sets of reconciliations, thus providing the first systematic method for understanding the relationship between event costs and reconciliations. This, in turn, results in new techniques for computing event support values and, for cophylogenetic analyses, performing robust statistical tests. We provide new software tools and demonstrate their use on a number of datasets from evolutionary genomic and cophylogenetic studies. © 2014 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved."
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Kevin J. Liu,
Jingxuan Dai,
Kathy Truong,
Ying Song,
Michael H. Kohn and
Luay Nakhleh. An HMM-Based Comparative Genomic Framework for Detecting Introgression in Eukaryotes. In PLoS ONE, Vol. 10(6):e1003649, 2014.
Keywords: explicit network, from network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program PhyloNet-HMM.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/1310.7989.
Toggle abstract
"One outcome of interspecific hybridization and subsequent effects of evolutionary forces is introgression, which is the integration of genetic material from one species into the genome of an individual in another species. The evolution of several groups of eukaryotic species has involved hybridization, and cases of adaptation through introgression have been already established. In this work, we report on PhyloNet-HMM-a new comparative genomic framework for detecting introgression in genomes. PhyloNet-HMM combines phylogenetic networks with hidden Markov models (HMMs) to simultaneously capture the (potentially reticulate) evolutionary history of the genomes and dependencies within genomes. A novel aspect of our work is that it also accounts for incomplete lineage sorting and dependence across loci. Application of our model to variation data from chromosome 7 in the mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) genome detected a recently reported adaptive introgression event involving the rodent poison resistance gene Vkorc1, in addition to other newly detected introgressed genomic regions. Based on our analysis, it is estimated that about 9% of all sites within chromosome 7 are of introgressive origin (these cover about 13 Mbp of chromosome 7, and over 300 genes). Further, our model detected no introgression in a negative control data set. We also found that our model accurately detected introgression and other evolutionary processes from synthetic data sets simulated under the coalescent model with recombination, isolation, and migration. Our work provides a powerful framework for systematic analysis of introgression while simultaneously accounting for dependence across sites, point mutations, recombination, and ancestral polymorphism. © 2014 Liu et al."
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Yi-Chieh Wu. Computational evolutionary genomics : phylogenomic models spanning domains, genes, individuals, and species. PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, U.S.A., 2014.
Keywords: duplication, from sequences, from species tree, lateral gene transfer, loss, phylogeny, Program TreeFix-DTL, reconstruction.
Note: http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87937.
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Chris Whidden,
Robert G. Beiko and
Norbert Zeh. Fixed-Parameter Algorithms for Maximum Agreement Forests. In SICOMP, Vol. 42(4):1431-1466, 2013.
Keywords: agreement forest, explicit network, FPT, from rooted trees, hybridization, minimum number, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program HybridInterleave, reconstruction, SPR distance.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.2664, slides.
Toggle abstract
"We present new and improved fixed-parameter algorithms for computing maximum agreement forests of pairs of rooted binary phylogenetic trees. The size of such a forest for two trees corresponds to their subtree prune-and-regraft distance and, if the agreement forest is acyclic, to their hybridization number. These distance measures are essential tools for understanding reticulate evolution. Our algorithm for computing maximum acyclic agreement forests is the first depth-bounded search algorithm for this problem. Our algorithms substantially outperform the best previous algorithms for these problems. © 2013 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics."
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Stefan Grünewald,
Andreas Spillner,
Sarah Bastkowski,
Anja Bögershausen and
Vincent Moulton. SuperQ: Computing Supernetworks from Quartets. In TCBB, Vol. 10(1):151-160, 2013.
Keywords: abstract network, circular split system, from quartets, heuristic, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program QNet, Program SplitsTree, Program SuperQ, software, split network.
Toggle abstract
"Supertrees are a commonly used tool in phylogenetics to summarize collections of partial phylogenetic trees. As a generalization of supertrees, phylogenetic supernetworks allow, in addition, the visual representation of conflict between the trees that is not possible to observe with a single tree. Here, we introduce SuperQ, a new method for constructing such supernetworks (SuperQ is freely available at >www.uea.ac.uk/computing/superq.). It works by first breaking the input trees into quartet trees, and then stitching these together to form a special kind of phylogenetic network, called a split network. This stitching process is performed using an adaptation of the QNet method for split network reconstruction employing a novel approach to use the branch lengths from the input trees to estimate the branch lengths in the resulting network. Compared with previous supernetwork methods, SuperQ has the advantage of producing a planar network. We compare the performance of SuperQ to the Z-closure and Q-imputation supernetwork methods, and also present an analysis of some published data sets as an illustration of its applicability. © 2004-2012 IEEE."
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Yufeng Wu. An Algorithm for Constructing Parsimonious Hybridization Networks with Multiple Phylogenetic Trees. In RECOMB13, Vol. 7821:291-303 of LNCS, springer, 2013.
Keywords: explicit network, exponential algorithm, from rooted trees, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program PIRN, reconstruction.
Note: http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~ywu/Papers/ExactNetRecomb2013.pdf.
Toggle abstract
"Phylogenetic network is a model for reticulate evolution. Hybridization network is one type of phylogenetic network for a set of discordant gene trees, and "displays" each gene tree. A central computational problem on hybridization networks is: given a set of gene trees, reconstruct the minimum (i.e. most parsimonious) hybridization network that displays each given gene tree. This problem is known to be NP-hard, and existing approaches for this problem are either heuristics or make simplifying assumptions (e.g. work with only two input trees or assume some topological properties). In this paper, we develop an exact algorithm (called PIRNC ) for inferring the minimum hybridization networks from multiple gene trees. The PIRNC algorithm does not rely on structural assumptions. To the best of our knowledge, PIRN C is the first exact algorithm for this formulation. When the number of reticulation events is relatively small (say four or fewer), PIRNC runs reasonably efficient even for moderately large datasets. For building more complex networks, we also develop a heuristic version of PIRNC called PIRNCH. Simulation shows that PIRNCH usually produces networks with fewer reticulation events than those by an existing method. © 2013 Springer-Verlag."
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Thi-Hau Nguyen,
Vincent Ranwez,
Stéphanie Pointet,
Anne-Muriel Chifolleau Arigon,
Jean-Philippe Doyon and
Vincent Berry. Reconciliation and local gene tree rearrangement can be of mutual profit. In ALMOB, Vol. 8(12), 2013.
Keywords: duplication, explicit network, from rooted trees, heuristic, lateral gene transfer, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Mowgli, Program MowgliNNI, Program Prunier, reconstruction, software.
Toggle abstract
"Background: Reconciliation methods compare gene trees and species trees to recover evolutionary events such as duplications, transfers and losses explaining the history and composition of genomes. It is well-known that gene trees inferred from molecular sequences can be partly erroneous due to incorrect sequence alignments as well as phylogenetic reconstruction artifacts such as long branch attraction. In practice, this leads reconciliation methods to overestimate the number of evolutionary events. Several methods have been proposed to circumvent this problem, by collapsing the unsupported edges and then resolving the obtained multifurcating nodes, or by directly rearranging the binary gene trees. Yet these methods have been defined for models of evolution accounting only for duplications and losses, i.e. can not be applied to handle prokaryotic gene families.Results: We propose a reconciliation method accounting for gene duplications, losses and horizontal transfers, that specifically takes into account the uncertainties in gene trees by rearranging their weakly supported edges. Rearrangements are performed on edges having a low confidence value, and are accepted whenever they improve the reconciliation cost. We prove useful properties on the dynamic programming matrix used to compute reconciliations, which allows to speed-up the tree space exploration when rearrangements are generated by Nearest Neighbor Interchanges (NNI) edit operations. Experiments on synthetic data show that gene trees modified by such NNI rearrangements are closer to the correct simulated trees and lead to better event predictions on average. Experiments on real data demonstrate that the proposed method leads to a decrease in the reconciliation cost and the number of inferred events. Finally on a dataset of 30 k gene families, this reconciliation method shows a ranking of prokaryotic phyla by transfer rates identical to that proposed by a different approach dedicated to transfer detection [BMCBIOINF 11:324, 2010, PNAS 109(13):4962-4967, 2012].Conclusions: Prokaryotic gene trees can now be reconciled with their species phylogeny while accounting for the uncertainty of the gene tree. More accurate and more precise reconciliations are obtained with respect to previous parsimony algorithms not accounting for such uncertainties [LNCS 6398:93-108, 2010, BIOINF 28(12): i283-i291, 2012].A software implementing the method is freely available at http://www.atgc-montpellier.fr/Mowgli/. © 2013 Nguyen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd."
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Juan Wang,
Maozu Guo,
Xiaoyan Liu,
Yang Liu,
Chunyu Wang,
Linlin Xing and
Kai Che. LNETWORK: An Efficient and Effective Method for Constructing Phylogenetic Networks. In BIO, Vol. 29(18):2269-2276, 2013.
Keywords: explicit network, from rooted trees, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program LNetwork, reconstruction, software.
Toggle abstract
"Motivation: The evolutionary history of species is traditionally represented with a rooted phylogenetic tree. Each tree comprises a set of clusters, i.e. subsets of the species that are descended from a common ancestor. When rooted phylogenetic trees are built from several different datasets (e.g. from different genes), the clusters are often conflicting. These conflicting clusters cannot be expressed as a simple phylogenetic tree; however, they can be expressed in a phylogenetic network. Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of phylogenetic trees that can account for processes such as hybridization, horizontal gene transfer and recombination, which are difficult to represent in standard tree-like models of evolutionary histories. There is currently a large body of research aimed at developing appropriate methods for constructing phylogenetic networks from cluster sets. The Cass algorithm can construct a much simpler network than other available methods, but is extremely slow for large datasets or for datasets that need lots of reticulate nodes. The networks constructed by Cass are also greatly dependent on the order of input data, i.e. it generally derives different phylogenetic networks for the same dataset when different input orders are used.Results: In this study, we introduce an improved Cass algorithm, Lnetwork, which can construct a phylogenetic network for a given set of clusters. We show that Lnetwork is significantly faster than Cass and effectively weakens the influence of input data order. Moreover, we show that Lnetwork can construct a much simpler network than most of the other available methods. © The Author 2013."
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Juan Wang,
Maozu Guo,
Linlin Xing,
Kai Che,
Xiaoyan Liu and
Chunyu Wang. BIMLR: A Method for Constructing Rooted Phylogenetic Networks from Rooted Phylogenetic Trees. In Gene, Vol. 527(1):344-351, 2013.
Keywords: explicit network, from clusters, from rooted trees, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program BIMLR, Program Dendroscope, reconstruction, software.
Toggle abstract
"Rooted phylogenetic trees constructed from different datasets (e.g. from different genes) are often conflicting with one another, i.e. they cannot be integrated into a single phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic networks have become an important tool in molecular evolution, and rooted phylogenetic networks are able to represent conflicting rooted phylogenetic trees. Hence, the development of appropriate methods to compute rooted phylogenetic networks from rooted phylogenetic trees has attracted considerable research interest of late. The CASS algorithm proposed by van Iersel et al. is able to construct much simpler networks than other available methods, but it is extremely slow, and the networks it constructs are dependent on the order of the input data. Here, we introduce an improved CASS algorithm, BIMLR. We show that BIMLR is faster than CASS and less dependent on the input data order. Moreover, BIMLR is able to construct much simpler networks than almost all other methods. BIMLR is available at http://nclab.hit.edu.cn/wangjuan/BIMLR/. © 2013 Elsevier B.V."
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Alexey A. Morozov,
Yuri P. Galachyants and
Yelena V. Likhoshway. Inferring Phylogenetic Networks from Gene Order Data. In BMRI, Vol. 2013(503193):1-7, 2013.
Keywords: abstract network, from distances, from gene order, NeighborNet, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program SplitsTree, reconstruction, split decomposition, split network.
Toggle abstract
"Existing algorithms allow us to infer phylogenetic networks from sequences (DNA, protein or binary), sets of trees, and distance matrices, but there are no methods to build them using the gene order data as an input. Here we describe several methods to build split networks from the gene order data, perform simulation studies, and use our methods for analyzing and interpreting different real gene order datasets. All proposed methods are based on intermediate data, which can be generated from genome structures under study and used as an input for network construction algorithms. Three intermediates are used: set of jackknife trees, distance matrix, and binary encoding. According to simulations and case studies, the best intermediates are jackknife trees and distance matrix (when used with Neighbor-Net algorithm). Binary encoding can also be useful, but only when the methods mentioned above cannot be used. © 2013 Alexey Anatolievich Morozov et al."
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Celine Scornavacca,
Paprotny Wojciech,
Vincent Berry and
Vincent Ranwez. Representing a set of reconciliations in a compact way. In JBCB, Vol. 11(2):1250025, 2013.
Keywords: duplication, explicit network, from network, from rooted trees, from species tree, phylogeny, Program GraphDTL, Program TERA, visualization.
Note: http://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-00818801.
Toggle abstract
"Comparative genomic studies are often conducted by reconciliation analyses comparing gene and species trees. One of the issues with reconciliation approaches is that an exponential number of optimal scenarios is possible. The resulting complexity is masked by the fact that a majority of reconciliation software pick up a random optimal solution that is returned to the end-user. However, the alternative solutions should not be ignored since they tell different stories that parsimony considers as viable as the output solution. In this paper, we describe a polynomial space and time algorithm to build a minimum reconciliation graph-a graph that summarizes the set of all most parsimonious reconciliations. Amongst numerous applications, it is shown how this graph allows counting the number of non-equivalent most parsimonious reconciliations. © 2013 Imperial College Press."
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Thi-Hau Nguyen,
Vincent Ranwez,
Vincent Berry and
Celine Scornavacca. Support Measures to Estimate the Reliability of Evolutionary Events Predicted by Reconciliation Methods. In PLoS ONE, Vol. 8(10):e73667, 2013.
Keywords: duplication, from rooted trees, from species tree, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, Program GraphDTL, reconstruction.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073667.
Toggle abstract
"The genome content of extant species is derived from that of ancestral genomes, distorted by evolutionary events such as gene duplications, transfers and losses. Reconciliation methods aim at recovering such events and at localizing them in the species history, by comparing gene family trees to species trees. These methods play an important role in studying genome evolution as well as in inferring orthology relationships. A major issue with reconciliation methods is that the reliability of predicted evolutionary events may be questioned for various reasons: Firstly, there may be multiple equally optimal reconciliations for a given species tree-gene tree pair. Secondly, reconciliation methods can be misled by inaccurate gene or species trees. Thirdly, predicted events may fluctuate with method parameters such as the cost or rate of elementary events. For all of these reasons, confidence values for predicted evolutionary events are sorely needed. It was recently suggested that the frequency of each event in the set of all optimal reconciliations could be used as a support measure. We put this proposition to the test here and also consider a variant where the support measure is obtained by additionally accounting for suboptimal reconciliations. Experiments on simulated data show the relevance of event supports computed by both methods, while resorting to suboptimal sampling was shown to be more effective. Unfortunately, we also show that, unlike the majority-rule consensus tree for phylogenies, there is no guarantee that a single reconciliation can contain all events having above 50% support. In this paper, we detail how to rely on the reconciliation graph to efficiently identify the median reconciliation. Such median reconciliation can be found in polynomial time within the potentially exponential set of most parsimonious reconciliations. © 2013 Nguyen et al."
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Mukul S. Bansal,
Eric J. Alm and
Manolis Kellis. Reconciliation Revisited: Handling Multiple Optima when Reconciling with Duplication, Transfer, and Loss. In JCB, Vol. 20(10):738-754, 2013.
Keywords: duplication, from rooted trees, from species tree, loss, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program RANGER-DTL, reconstruction.
Note: http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~mukul/Bansal_JCB2013.pdf.
Toggle abstract
"Phylogenetic tree reconciliation is a powerful approach for inferring evolutionary events like gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, and gene loss, which are fundamental to our understanding of molecular evolution. While duplication-loss (DL) reconciliation leads to a unique maximum-parsimony solution, duplication-transfer-loss (DTL) reconciliation yields a multitude of optimal solutions, making it difficult to infer the true evolutionary history of the gene family. This problem is further exacerbated by the fact that different event cost assignments yield different sets of optimal reconciliations. Here, we present an effective, efficient, and scalable method for dealing with these fundamental problems in DTL reconciliation. Our approach works by sampling the space of optimal reconciliations uniformly at random and aggregating the results. We show that even gene trees with only a few dozen genes often have millions of optimal reconciliations and present an algorithm to efficiently sample the space of optimal reconciliations uniformly at random in O(mn 2) time per sample, where m and n denote the number of genes and species, respectively. We use these samples to understand how different optimal reconciliations vary in their node mappings and event assignments and to investigate the impact of varying event costs. We apply our method to a biological dataset of approximately 4700 gene trees from 100 taxa and observe that 93% of event assignments and 73% of mappings remain consistent across different multiple optima. Our analysis represents the first systematic investigation of the space of optimal DTL reconciliations and has many important implications for the study of gene family evolution. © 2013 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."
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Steven Kelk,
Celine Scornavacca and
Leo van Iersel. On the elusiveness of clusters. In TCBB, Vol. 9(2):517-534, 2012.
Keywords: explicit network, from clusters, from rooted trees, from triplets, level k phylogenetic network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Clustistic, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/1103.1834.
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Paul Phipps and
Sergey Bereg. Optimizing Phylogenetic Networks for Circular Split Systems. In TCBB, Vol. 9(2):535-547, 2012.
Keywords: abstract network, from distances, from splits, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program PhippsNetwork, reconstruction, software.
Toggle abstract
"We address the problem of realizing a given distance matrix by a planar phylogenetic network with a minimum number of faces. With the help of the popular software SplitsTree4, we start by approximating the distance matrix with a distance metric that is a linear combination of circular splits. The main results of this paper are the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a network with a single face. We show how such a network can be constructed, and we present a heuristic for constructing a network with few faces using the first algorithm as the base case. Experimental results on biological data show that this heuristic algorithm can produce phylogenetic networks with far fewer faces than the ones computed by SplitsTree4, without affecting the approximation of the distance matrix. © 2012 IEEE."
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Celine Scornavacca,
Simone Linz and
Benjamin Albrecht. A fi rst step towards computing all hybridization networks for two rooted binary phylogenetic trees. In JCB, Vol. 19:1227-1242, 2012.
Keywords: agreement forest, explicit network, FPT, from rooted trees, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Dendroscope, Program Hybroscale, reconstruction.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.3268.
Toggle abstract
"Recently, considerable effort has been put into developing fast algorithms to reconstruct a rooted phylogenetic network that explains two rooted phylogenetic trees and has a minimum number of hybridization vertices. With the standard app1235roach to tackle this problem being combinatorial, the reconstructed network is rarely unique. From a biological point of view, it is therefore of importance to not only compute one network, but all possible networks. In this article, we make a first step toward approaching this goal by presenting the first algorithm-called allMAAFs-that calculates all maximum-acyclic-agreement forests for two rooted binary phylogenetic trees on the same set of taxa. © Copyright 2012, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2012."
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Zhi-Zhong Chen and
Lusheng Wang. Algorithms for Reticulate Networks of Multiple Phylogenetic Trees. In TCBB, Vol. 9(2):372-384, 2012.
Keywords: explicit network, from rooted trees, minimum number, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program CMPT, Program MaafB, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://rnc.r.dendai.ac.jp/~chen/papers/rMaaf.pdf.
Toggle abstract
"A reticulate network N of multiple phylogenetic trees may have nodes with two or more parents (called reticulation nodes). There are two ways to define the reticulation number of N. One way is to define it as the number of reticulation nodes in N in this case, a reticulate network with the smallest reticulation number is called an optimal type-I reticulate network of the trees. The better way is to define it as the total number of parents of reticulation nodes in N minus the number of reticulation nodes in N ; in this case, a reticulate network with the smallest reticulation number is called an optimal type-II reticulate network of the trees. In this paper, we first present a fast fixed-parameter algorithm for constructing one or all optimal type-I reticulate networks of multiple phylogenetic trees. We then use the algorithm together with other ideas to obtain an algorithm for estimating a lower bound on the reticulation number of an optimal type-II reticulate network of the input trees. To our knowledge, these are the first fixed-parameter algorithms for the problems. We have implemented the algorithms in ANSI C, obtaining programs CMPT and MaafB. Our experimental data show that CMPT can construct optimal type-I reticulate networks rapidly and MaafB can compute better lower bounds for optimal type-II reticulate networks within shorter time than the previously best program PIRN designed by Wu. © 2006 IEEE."
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Changiz Eslahchi,
Reza Hassanzadeh,
Ehsan Mottaghi,
Mahnaz Habibi,
Hamid Pezeshk and
Mehdi Sadeghi. Constructing circular phylogenetic networks from weighted quartets using simulated annealing. In MBIO, Vol. 235(2):123-127, 2012.
Keywords: abstract network, from quartets, heuristic, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program SAQ-Net, Program SplitsTree, reconstruction, simulated annealing, software, split network.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2011.11.003.
Toggle abstract
"In this paper, we present a heuristic algorithm based on the simulated annealing, SAQ-Net, as a method for constructing phylogenetic networks from weighted quartets. Similar to QNet algorithm, SAQ-Net constructs a collection of circular weighted splits of the taxa set. This collection is represented by a split network. In order to show that SAQ-Net performs better than QNet, we apply these algorithm to both the simulated and actual data sets containing salmonella, Bees, Primates and Rubber data sets. Then we draw phylogenetic networks corresponding to outputs of these algorithms using SplitsTree4 and compare the results. We find that SAQ-Net produces a better circular ordering and phylogenetic networks than QNet in most cases. SAQ-Net has been implemented in Matlab and is available for download at http://bioinf.cs.ipm.ac.ir/softwares/saq.net. © 2011 Elsevier Inc."
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Pawel Górecki and
Jerzy Tiuryn. Inferring evolutionary scenarios in the duplication, loss and horizontal gene transfer model. In Logic and Program Semantics, Vol. 7230:83-105 of LNCS, springer, 2012.
Keywords: duplication, explicit network, lateral gene transfer, loss, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, reconstruction.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29485-3_7.
Toggle abstract
"An H-tree is a formal model of evolutionary scenario. It can be used to represent any processes with gene duplication and loss, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and speciation events. The model of H-trees, introduced in [26], is an extension of the duplication-loss model (DL-model). Similarly to its ancestor, it has a number of interesting mathematical and biological properties. It is, however, more computationally complex than the DL-model. In this paper, we primarily address the problem of inferring H-trees that are compatible with a given gene tree and a given phylogeny of species with HGTs. These results create a mathematical and computational foundation for a more general and practical problem of inferring HGTs from given gene and species trees with HGTs. We also demonstrate how our model can be used to support HGT hypotheses based on empirical data sets. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg."
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An-Chiang Chu,
Jesper Jansson,
Richard Lemence,
Alban Mancheron and
Kun-Mao Chao. Asymptotic Limits of a New Type of Maximization Recurrence with an Application to Bioinformatics. In TAMC12, Vol. 7287:177-188 of LNCS, springer, 2012.
Keywords: from triplets, galled network, level k phylogenetic network, phylogenetic network.
Note: preliminary version.
Toggle abstract
"We study the asymptotic behavior of a new type of maximization recurrence, defined as follows. Let k be a positive integer and p k(x) a polynomial of degree k satisfying p k(0) = 0. Define A 0 = 0 and for n ≥ 1, let A n = max 0≤i<n{A i+n kp k(i/n)}. We prove that lim n→∞A n/n n = sup{pk(x)/1-x k : 0≤x<1}. We also consider two closely related maximization recurrences S n and S′ n, defined as S 0 = S′ 0 = 0, and for n ≥ 1, S n = max 0≤i<n{S i + i(n-i)(n-i-1)/2} and S′ n = max 0≤i<n{S′ i + ( 3 n-i) + 2i( 2 n-i) + (n-i)( 2 i)}. We prove that lim n→∞ S′n/3( 3 n) = 2(√3-1)/3 ≈ 0.488033..., resolving an open problem from Bioinformatics about rooted triplets consistency in phylogenetic networks. © 2012 Springer-Verlag."
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Reza Hassanzadeh,
Changiz Eslahchi and
Wing-Kin Sung. Constructing phylogenetic supernetworks based on simulated annealing. In MPE, Vol. 63(3):738-744, 2012.
Keywords: abstract network, from unrooted trees, heuristic, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program SNSA, reconstruction, simulated annealing, software, split network.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.009.
Toggle abstract
Different partial phylogenetic trees can be derived from different sources of evidence and different methods. One important problem is to summarize these partial phylogenetic trees using a supernetwork. We propose a novel simulated annealing based method called SNSA which uses an optimization function to produce a simple network that still retains a great deal of phylogenetic information. We report the performance of this new method on real and simulated datasets. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
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Jesper Jansson and
Andrzej Lingas. Computing the rooted triplet distance between galled trees by counting triangles. In CPM12, Vol. 7354:385-398 of LNCS, springer, 2012.
Keywords: distance between networks, explicit network, from network, galled tree, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, triplet distance.
Note: http://www.df.lth.se/~jj/Publications/d_rt_for_Galled_Trees5_CPM_2012.pdf.
Toggle abstract
"We consider a generalization of the rooted triplet distance between two phylogenetic trees to two phylogenetic networks. We show that if each of the two given phylogenetic networks is a so-called galled tree with n leaves then the rooted triplet distance can be computed in o(n 2.688) time. Our upper bound is obtained by reducing the problem of computing the rooted triplet distance to that of counting monochromatic and almost- monochromatic triangles in an undirected, edge-colored graph. To count different types of colored triangles in a graph efficiently, we extend an existing technique based on matrix multiplication and obtain several new related results that may be of independent interest. © 2012 Springer-Verlag."
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Tetsuo Asano,
Jesper Jansson,
Kunihiko Sadakane,
Ryuhei Uehara and
Gabriel Valiente. Faster computation of the Robinson–Foulds distance between phylogenetic networks. In Information Sciences, Vol. 197:77-90, 2012.
Keywords: distance between networks, explicit network, level k phylogenetic network, phylogenetic network, polynomial, spread.
Toggle abstract
"The Robinson-Foulds distance, a widely used metric for comparing phylogenetic trees, has recently been generalized to phylogenetic networks. Given two phylogenetic networks N 1, N 2 with n leaf labels and at most m nodes and e edges each, the Robinson-Foulds distance measures the number of clusters of descendant leaves not shared by N 1 and N 2. The fastest known algorithm for computing the Robinson-Foulds distance between N 1 and N 2 runs in O(me) time. In this paper, we improve the time complexity to O(ne/log n) for general phylogenetic networks and O(nm/log n) for general phylogenetic networks with bounded degree (assuming the word RAM model with a word length of ⌈logn⌉ bits), and to optimal O(m) time for leaf-outerplanar networks as well as optimal O(n) time for level-1 phylogenetic networks (that is, galled-trees). We also introduce the natural concept of the minimum spread of a phylogenetic network and show how the running time of our new algorithm depends on this parameter. As an example, we prove that the minimum spread of a level-k network is at most k + 1, which implies that for one level-1 and one level-k phylogenetic network, our algorithm runs in O((k + 1)e) time. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."
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Alix Boc,
Alpha B. Diallo and
Vladimir Makarenkov. T-REX: a web server for inferring, validating and visualizing phylogenetic trees and networks. In NAR, Vol. 40(W1):W573-W579, 2012.
Keywords: from rooted trees, from species tree, lateral gene transfer, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program T REX, reconstruction, reticulogram, software.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks485.
Toggle abstract
"T-REX (Tree and reticulogram REConstruction) is a web server dedicated to the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees, reticulation networks and to the inference of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events. T-REX includes several popular bioinformatics applications such as MUSCLE, MAFFT, Neighbor Joining, NINJA, BioNJ, PhyML, RAxML, random phylogenetic tree generator and some well-known sequence-to-distance transformation models. It also comprises fast and effective methods for inferring phylogenetic trees from complete and incomplete distance matrices as well as for reconstructing reticulograms and HGT networks, including the detection and validation of complete and partial gene transfers, inference of consensus HGT scenarios and interactive HGT identification, developed by the authors. The included methods allows for validating and visualizing phylogenetic trees and networks which can be built from distance or sequence data. The web server is available at: www.trex.uqam.ca. © 2012 The Author(s)."
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Daniel H. Huson and
Celine Scornavacca. Dendroscope 3: An Interactive Tool for Rooted Phylogenetic Trees and Networks. In Systematic Biology, Vol. 61(6):1061-1067, 2012.
Keywords: from rooted trees, from triplets, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Dendroscope, reconstruction, software, visualization.
Toggle abstract
"Dendroscope 3 is a new program for working with rooted phylogenetic trees and networks. It provides a number of methods for drawing and comparing rooted phylogenetic networks, and for computing them from rooted trees. The program can be used interactively or in command-line mode. The program is written in Java, use of the software is free, and installers for all 3 major operating systems can be downloaded from www.dendroscope.org. [Phylogenetic trees; phylogenetic networks; software.] © 2012 The Author(s)."
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Hyun Jung Park and
Luay Nakhleh. Inference of reticulate evolutionary histories by maximum likelihood:
The performance of information criteria. In RECOMB-CG'12, Vol. 13(suppl 19):S12 of BMCB, 2012.
Keywords: AIC, BIC, explicit network, heuristic, likelihood, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, reconstruction, statistical model.
Note: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/13/S19/S12.
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Zhi-Zhong Chen,
Lusheng Wang and
Satoshi Yamanaka. A fast tool for minimum hybridization networks. In BMCB, Vol. 13:155, 2012.
Keywords: agreement forest, explicit network, from rooted trees, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program FastHN, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-13-155.
Toggle abstract
"Background: Due to hybridization events in evolution, studying two different genes of a set of species may yield two related but different phylogenetic trees for the set of species. In this case, we want to combine the two phylogenetic trees into a hybridization network with the fewest hybridization events. This leads to three computational problems, namely, the problem of computing the minimum size of a hybridization network, the problem of constructing one minimum hybridization network, and the problem of enumerating a representative set of minimum hybridization networks. The previously best software tools for these problems (namely, Chen and Wang's HybridNet and Albrecht et al.'s Dendroscope 3) run very slowly for large instances that cannot be reduced to relatively small instances. Indeed, when the minimum size of a hybridization network of two given trees is larger than 23 and the problem for the trees cannot be reduced to relatively smaller independent subproblems, then HybridNet almost always takes longer than 1 day and Dendroscope 3 often fails to complete. Thus, a faster software tool for the problems is in need.Results: We develop a software tool in ANSI C, named FastHN, for the following problems: Computing the minimum size of a hybridization network, constructing one minimum hybridization network, and enumerating a representative set of minimum hybridization networks. We obtain FastHN by refining HybridNet with three ideas. The first idea is to preprocess the input trees so that the trees become smaller or the problem becomes to solve two or more relatively smaller independent subproblems. The second idea is to use a fast algorithm for computing the rSPR distance of two given phylognetic trees to cut more branches of the search tree in the exhaustive-search stage of the algorithm. The third idea is that during the exhaustive-search stage of the algorithm, we find two sibling leaves in one of the two forests (obtained from the given trees by cutting some edges) such that they are as far as possible in the other forest. As the result, FastHN always runs much faster than HybridNet. Unlike Dendroscope 3, FastHN is a single-threaded program. Despite this disadvantage, our experimental data shows that FastHN runs substantially faster than the multi-threaded Dendroscope 3 on a PC with multiple cores. Indeed, FastHN can finish within 16 minutes (on average on a Windows-7 (x64) desktop PC with i7-2600 CPU) even if the minimum size of a hybridization network of two given trees is about 25, the trees each have 100 leaves, and the problem for the input trees cannot be reduced to two or more independent subproblems via cluster reductions. It is also worth mentioning that like HybridNet, FastHN does not use much memory (indeed, the amount of memory is at most quadratic in the input size). In contrast, Dendroscope 3 uses a huge amount of memory. Executables of FastHN for Windows XP (x86), Windows 7 (x64), Linux, and Mac OS are available (see the Results and discussion section for details).Conclusions: For both biological datasets and simulated datasets, our experimental results show that FastHN runs substantially faster than HybridNet and Dendroscope 3. The superiority of FastHN in speed over the previous tools becomes more significant as the hybridization number becomes larger. In addition, FastHN uses much less memory than Dendroscope 3 and uses the same amount of memory as HybridNet. © 2012 Chen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd."
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Maureen Stolzer,
Han Lai,
Minli Xu,
Deepa Sathaye,
Benjamin Vernot and
Dannie Durand. Inferring Duplications, Losses, Transfers, and Incomplete Lineage Sorting with Non-Binary Species Trees. In ECCB12, Vol. 28(18):i409-i415 of BIO, 2012.
Keywords: duplication, explicit network, from rooted trees, lateral gene transfer, loss, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Notung, reconstruction.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts386.
Toggle abstract
"Motivation: Gene duplication (D), transfer (T), loss (L) and incomplete lineage sorting (I) are crucial to the evolution of gene families and the emergence of novel functions.The history of these events can be inferred via comparison of gene and species trees, a process called reconciliation, yet current reconciliation algorithms model only a subset of these evolutionary processes. Results: We present an algorithm to reconcile a binary gene tree with a nonbinary species tree under a DTLI parsimony criterion. This is the first reconciliation algorithm to capture all four evolutionary processes driving tree incongruence and the first to reconcile nonbinary species trees with a transfer model. Our algorithm infers all optimal solutions and reports complete, temporally feasible event histories, giving the gene and species lineages in which each event occurred. It is fixed-parameter tractable, with polytime complexity when the maximum species outdegree is fixed. Application of our algorithms to prokaryotic and eukaryotic data show that use of an incomplete event model has substantial impact on the events inferred and resulting biological conclusions. © The Author(s) 2012. Published by Oxford University Press."
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Thi-Hau Nguyen,
Jean-Philippe Doyon,
Stéphanie Pointet,
Anne-Muriel Chifolleau Arigon,
Vincent Ranwez and
Vincent Berry. Accounting for Gene Tree Uncertainties Improves Gene Trees and Reconciliation Inference. In WABI12, Vol. 7534:123-134 of LNCS, springer, 2012.
Keywords: duplication, heuristic, lateral gene transfer, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Mowgli, reconstruction.
Note: http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00718347/en/.
Toggle abstract
"We propose a reconciliation heuristic accounting for gene duplications, losses and horizontal transfers that specifically takes into account the uncertainties in the gene tree. Rearrangements are tried for gene tree edges that are weakly supported, and are accepted whenever they improve the reconciliation cost. We prove useful properties on the dynamic programming matrix used to compute reconciliations, which allows to speed-up the tree space exploration when rearrangements are generated by Nearest Neighbor Interchanges (NNI) edit operations. Experimental results on simulated and real data confirm that running times are greatly reduced when considering the above-mentioned optimization in comparison to the naïve rearrangement procedure. Results also show that gene trees modified by such NNI rearrangements are closer to the correct (simulated) trees and lead to more correct event predictions on average. The program is available at http://www.atgc-montpellier.fr/ Mowgli/. © 2012 Springer-Verlag."
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Adrià Alcalà Mena. Trivalent Graph isomorphism in polynomial time. Master's thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain, 2012.
Keywords: distance between networks, explicit network, from network, isomorphism, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, Program SAGE.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/1209.1040.
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Nick J. Patterson,
Priya Moorjani,
Yontao Luo,
Swapan Mallick,
Nadin Rohland,
Yiping Zhan,
Teri Genschoreck,
Teresa Webster and
David Reich. Ancient Admixture in Human History. In Genetics, Vol. 192(3):1065-1093, 2012.
Keywords: explicit network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, population genetics, Program AdmixTools.
Note: http://genetics.med.harvard.edu/reich/Reich_Lab/Welcome_files/2012_Patterson_AncientAdmixture_Genetics.pdf.
Toggle abstract
"Population mixture is an important process in biology. We present a suite of methods for learning about population mixtures, implemented in a software package called ADMIXTOOLS, that support formal tests for whether mixture occurred and make it possible to infer proportions and dates of mixture. We also describe the development of a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array consisting of 629,433 sites with clearly documented ascertainment that was specifically designed for population genetic analyses and that we genotyped in 934 individuals from 53 diverse populations. To illustrate the methods, we give a number of examples that provide new insights about the history of human admixture. The most striking finding is a clear signal of admixture into northern Europe, with one ancestral population related to present-day Basques and Sardinians and the other related to present-day populations of northeast Asia and the Americas. This likely reflects a history of admixture between Neolithic migrants and the indigenous Mesolithic population of Europe, consistent with recent analyses of ancient bones from Sweden and the sequencing of the genome of the Tyrolean "Iceman." © 2012 by the Genetics Society of America."
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Katharina Huber,
Vincent Moulton,
Andreas Spillner,
Sabine Storandt and
Radoslaw Suchecki. Computing a consensus of multilabeled trees. In ALENEX12, Pages 84-92, 2012.
Keywords: duplication, explicit network, exponential algorithm, phylogenetic network, phylogeny.
Note: http://siam.omnibooksonline.com/2012ALENEX/data/papers/020.pdf.
Toggle abstract
In this paper we consider two challenging problems that arise in the context of computing a consensus of a collection of multilabeled trees, namely (1) selecting a compatible collection of clusters on a multiset from an ordered list of such clusters and (2) optimally refining high degree vertices in a multilabeled tree. Forming such a consensus is part of an approach to reconstruct the evolutionary history of a set of species for which events such as genome duplication and hybridization have occurred in the past. We present exact algorithms for solving (1) and (2) that have an exponential run-time in the worst case. To give some impression of their performance in practice, we apply them to simulated input and to a real biological data set highlighting the impact of several structural properties of the input on the performance.
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Cayla McBee. Generalizing Fourier Calculus on Evolutionary Trees to Splits Networks. In ISPAN'12, Pages 149-155, 2012.
Keywords: abstract network, from sequences, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, split network, statistical model.
Toggle abstract
"Biologists have been interested in Phylogenetics, the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms, for more than 140 years. In spite of this, it has only been in the last 40 years that advances in technology and the availability of DNA sequences have led to statistical, computational and algorithmic work on determining evolutionary relatedness between organisms. One method of determining historical relationships between organisms is to assume a group based evolutionary model and use a discrete Fourier transform. The 1993 paper 'Fourier Calculus on Evolutionary Trees' by L.A. Szekely, M.A. Steel and P.L. Erdos outlines this process. The transform presented in Szekely et al provides an invertible relationship between phylogenetic trees and expected frequencies of nucleotide patterns in nucleotide sequences. This implies that given a set of nucleotide sequences from various organisms it is possible to construct a phylogenetic tree that represents the historical relationships of those organisms. Some scenarios are poorly described by phylogenetic trees and there are biological and statistical reasons for using networks to model phylogenetic relationships. Given this motivation I have generalized Szekely et al's result to apply to a specific type of phylogenetic network known as a splits network. © 2012 IEEE."
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Dan Levy and
Lior Pachter. The Neighbor-Net Algorithm. In Advances in Applied Mathematics, Vol. 47(2):240-258, 2011.
Keywords: abstract network, circular split system, evaluation, from distances, NeighborNet, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, split network.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0702515.
Toggle abstract
"The neighbor-joining algorithm is a popular phylogenetics method for constructing trees from dissimilarity maps. The neighbor-net algorithm is an extension of the neighbor-joining algorithm and is used for constructing split networks. We begin by describing the output of neighbor-net in terms of the tessellation of M̄0n(R) by associahedra. This highlights the fact that neighbor-net outputs a tree in addition to a circular ordering and we explain when the neighbor-net tree is the neighbor-joining tree. A key observation is that the tree constructed in existing implementations of neighbor-net is not a neighbor-joining tree. Next, we show that neighbor-net is a greedy algorithm for finding circular split systems of minimal balanced length. This leads to an interpretation of neighbor-net as a greedy algorithm for the traveling salesman problem. The algorithm is optimal for Kalmanson matrices, from which it follows that neighbor-net is consistent and has optimal radius 12. We also provide a statistical interpretation for the balanced length for a circular split system as the length based on weighted least squares estimates of the splits. We conclude with applications of these results and demonstrate the implications of our theorems for a recently published comparison of Papuan and Austronesian languages. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."
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Katharina Huber,
Leo van Iersel,
Steven Kelk and
Radoslaw Suchecki. A Practical Algorithm for Reconstructing Level-1 Phylogenetic Networks. In TCBB, Vol. 8(3):607-620, 2011.
Keywords: explicit network, from triplets, galled tree, generation, heuristic, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program LEV1ATHAN, Program Lev1Generator, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/0910.4067.
Toggle abstract
"Recently, much attention has been devoted to the construction of phylogenetic networks which generalize phylogenetic trees in order to accommodate complex evolutionary processes. Here, we present an efficient, practical algorithm for reconstructing level-1 phylogenetic networks-a type of network slightly more general than a phylogenetic tree-from triplets. Our algorithm has been made publicly available as the program Lev1athan. It combines ideas from several known theoretical algorithms for phylogenetic tree and network reconstruction with two novel subroutines. Namely, an exponential-time exact and a greedy algorithm both of which are of independent theoretical interest. Most importantly, Lev1athan runs in polynomial time and always constructs a level-1 network. If the data are consistent with a phylogenetic tree, then the algorithm constructs such a tree. Moreover, if the input triplet set is dense and, in addition, is fully consistent with some level-1 network, it will find such a network. The potential of Lev1athan is explored by means of an extensive simulation study and a biological data set. One of our conclusions is that Lev1athan is able to construct networks consistent with a high percentage of input triplets, even when these input triplets are affected by a low to moderate level of noise. © 2011 IEEE."
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Josh Voorkamp né Collins,
Simone Linz and
Charles Semple. Quantifying hybridization in realistic time. In JCB, Vol. 18(10):1305-1318, 2011.
Keywords: explicit network, FPT, from rooted trees, hybridization, minimum number, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program HybridInterleave, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu/~linzs/CLS10_interleave.pdf, software available at http://www.math.canterbury.ac.nz/~c.semple/software.shtml.
Toggle abstract
"Recently, numerous practical and theoretical studies in evolutionary biology aim at calculating the extent to which reticulation-for example, horizontal gene transfer, hybridization, or recombination-has influenced the evolution for a set of present-day species. It has been shown that inferring the minimum number of hybridization events that is needed to simultaneously explain the evolutionary history for a set of trees is an NP-hard and also fixed-parameter tractable problem. In this article, we give a new fixed-parameter algorithm for computing the minimum number of hybridization events for when two rooted binary phylogenetic trees are given. This newly developed algorithm is based on interleaving-a technique using repeated kernelization steps that are applied throughout the exhaustive search part of a fixed-parameter algorithm. To show that our algorithm runs efficiently to be applicable to a wide range of practical problem instances, we apply it to a grass data set and highlight the significant improvements in terms of running times in comparison to an algorithm that has previously been implemented. © 2011, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."
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Mukul S. Bansal,
J. Peter Gogarten and
Ron Shamir. Detecting Highways of Horizontal Gene Transfer. In Proceedings of the Eighth RECOMB Comparative Genomics Satellite Workshop (RECOMB-CG'10), Vol. 6398:109-120 of LNCS, springer, 2011.
Keywords: explicit network, from rooted trees, from species tree, lateral gene transfer, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, reconstruction.
Note: http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~bansal/Highways_RCG10.pdf.
Toggle abstract
"In a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) event a gene is transferred between two species that do not share an ancestor-descendant relationship. Typically, no more than a few genes are horizontally transferred between any two species. However, several studies identified pairs of species between which many different genes were horizontally transferred. Such a pair is said to be linked by a highway of gene sharing. We present a method for inferring such highways. Our method is based on the fact that the evolutionary histories of horizontally transferred genes disagree with the corresponding species phylogeny. Specifically, given a set of gene trees and a trusted rooted species tree, each gene tree is first decomposed into its constituent quartet trees and the quartets that are inconsistent with the species tree are identified. Our method finds a pair of species such that a highway between them explains the largest (normalized) fraction of inconsistent quartets. For a problem on n species, our method requires O(n 4) time, which is optimal with respect to the quartets input size. An application of our method to a dataset of 1128 genes from 11 cyanobacterial species, as well as to simulated datasets, illustrates the efficacy of our method. © 2010 Springer-Verlag."
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Marc Thuillard and
Vincent Moulton. Identifying and reconstructing lateral transfers from distance matrices by combining the Minimum Contradiction Method and Neighbor-Net. In JBCB, Vol. 9(4):453-470, 2011.
Keywords: from distances, lateral gene transfer, minimum contradiction, NeighborNet, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, reconstruction.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0219720011005409, slides available at http://www.newton.ac.uk/programmes/PLG/seminars/062015501.html.
Toggle abstract
"Identifying lateral gene transfers is an important problem in evolutionary biology. Under a simple model of evolution, the expected values of an evolutionary distance matrix describing a phylogenetic tree fulfill the so-called Kalmanson inequalities. The Minimum Contradiction method for identifying lateral gene transfers exploits the fact that lateral transfers may generate large deviations from the Kalmanson inequalities. Here a new approach is presented to deal with such cases that combines the Neighbor-Net algorithm for computing phylogenetic networks with the Minimum Contradiction method. A subset of taxa, prescribed using Neighbor-Net, is obtained by measuring how closely the Kalmanson inequalities are fulfilled by each taxon. A criterion is then used to identify the taxa, possibly involved in a lateral transfer between nonconsecutive taxa. We illustrate the utility of the new approach by applying it to a distance matrix for Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota. © 2011 Imperial College Press."
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Klaus Schliep. Phangorn: Phylogenetic analysis in R. In Bioinformatics, Vol. 27(4):592-593, 2011.
Keywords: abstract network, from distances, phylogenetic network, Program Phangorn, software, split, split network.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq706.
Toggle abstract
"Summary: phangorn is a package for phylogenetic reconstruction and analysis in the R language. Previously it was only possible to estimate phylogenetic trees with distance methods in R. phangorn, now offers the possibility of reconstructing phylogenies with distance based methods, maximum parsimony or maximum likelihood (ML) and performing Hadamard conjugation. Extending the general ML framework, this package provides the possibility of estimating mixture and partition models. Furthermore, phangorn offers several functions for comparing trees, phylogenetic models or splits, simulating character data and performing congruence analyses. © The Author(s) 2010. Published by Oxford University Press."
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Lawrence A. David and
Eric J. Alm. Rapid evolutionary innovation during an Archaean genetic expansion. In Nature, Vol. 469:93-96, 2011.
Keywords: duplication, dynamic programming, from multilabeled tree, from rooted trees, from species tree, parsimony, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Angst.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09649, Program Angst described here.
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Louxin Zhang,
Yen Kaow Ng,
Taoyang Wu and
Yu Zheng. Network model and efficient method for detecting relative duplications or horizontal gene transfers. In ICCABS11, Pages 214-219, 2011.
Keywords: dynamic programming, explicit network, from network, from rooted trees, from species tree, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, reconstruction.
Toggle abstract
"Background: Horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication are two significant forces behind genome evolution. As more and more well-supported examples of HGTs are being revealed, there is a growing awareness that HGT is more widespread than previously thought, occurring often not only within bacteria, but also between species remotely related such as bacteria and plants or plants and animals. Although a substantial number of genomic sequences are known, HGT inference remains challenging. Parsimony-based inferences of HGT events are typically NP-hard under the framework of gene tree and species tree comparison; it is even more timeconsuming if the maximum likelihood approach is used. The fact that gene tree and species tree incongruence can be further confounded by gene duplication and gene loss events motivates us to incorporate considerations for these events into our inference of HGT events. Similarly, it will be beneficial if known HGT events are considered in the inference of gene duplications and gene losses. © 2011 IEEE."
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Zhi-Zhong Chen and
Lusheng Wang. HybridNET: a tool for constructing hybridization networks. In BIO, Vol. 26(22):2912-2913, 2010.
Keywords: agreement forest, FPT, from rooted trees, hybridization, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program HybridNET, software.
Note: http://rnc.r.dendai.ac.jp/~chen/papers/note2.pdf.
Toggle abstract
"Motivations: When reticulation events occur, the evolutionary history of a set of existing species can be represented by a hybridization network instead of an evolutionary tree. When studying the evolutionary history of a set of existing species, one can obtain a phylogenetic tree of the set of species with high confidence by looking at a segment of sequences or a set of genes. When looking at another segment of sequences, a different phylogenetic tree can be obtained with high confidence too. This indicates that reticulation events may occur. Thus, we have the following problem: given two rooted phylogenetic trees on a set of species that correctly represent the tree-like evolution of different parts of their genomes, what is the hybridization network with the smallest number of reticulation events to explain the evolution of the set of species under consideration? Results: We develop a program, named HybridNet, for constructing a hybridization network with the minimum number of reticulate vertices from two input trees. We first implement the O(3dn)-time algorithm by Whidden et al. for computing a maximum (acyclic) agreement forest. Our program can output all the maximum (acyclic) agreement forests. We then augment the program so that it can construct an optimal hybridization network for each given maximum acyclic agreement forest. To our knowledge, this is the first time that optimal hybridization networks can be rapidly constructed. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved."
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Philippe Gambette. Méthodes combinatoires de reconstruction de réseaux phylogénétiques. PhD thesis, Université Montpellier 2, France, 2010.
Keywords: abstract network, characterization, circular split system, explicit network, FPT, from clusters, from triplets, integer linear programming, level k phylogenetic network, NP complete, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Dendroscope, pyramid, reconstruction, split network, weak hierarchy.
Note: http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608342/en/.
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Changiz Eslahchi,
Mahnaz Habibi,
Reza Hassanzadeh and
Ehsan Mottaghi. MC-Net: a method for the construction of phylogenetic networks based on the Monte-Carlo method. In BMCEB, Vol. 10:254, 2010.
Keywords: abstract network, circular split system, from distances, heuristic, phylogenetic network, Program MC-Net, Program SplitsTree, software, split, split network.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-254.
Toggle abstract
"Background. A phylogenetic network is a generalization of phylogenetic trees that allows the representation of conflicting signals or alternative evolutionary histories in a single diagram. There are several methods for constructing these networks. Some of these methods are based on distances among taxa. In practice, the methods which are based on distance perform faster in comparison with other methods. The Neighbor-Net (N-Net) is a distance-based method. The N-Net produces a circular ordering from a distance matrix, then constructs a collection of weighted splits using circular ordering. The SplitsTree which is a program using these weighted splits makes a phylogenetic network. In general, finding an optimal circular ordering is an NP-hard problem. The N-Net is a heuristic algorithm to find the optimal circular ordering which is based on neighbor-joining algorithm. Results. In this paper, we present a heuristic algorithm to find an optimal circular ordering based on the Monte-Carlo method, called MC-Net algorithm. In order to show that MC-Net performs better than N-Net, we apply both algorithms on different data sets. Then we draw phylogenetic networks corresponding to outputs of these algorithms using SplitsTree and compare the results. Conclusions. We find that the circular ordering produced by the MC-Net is closer to optimal circular ordering than the N-Net. Furthermore, the networks corresponding to outputs of MC-Net made by SplitsTree are simpler than N-Net. © 2010 Eslahchi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd."
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Luay Nakhleh. A Metric on the Space of Reduced Phylogenetic Networks. In TCBB, Vol. 7(2), 2010.
Keywords: distance between networks, phylogenetic network, phylogeny.
Note: http://www.cs.rice.edu/~nakhleh/Papers/tcbb-Metric.pdf.
Toggle abstract
"Phylogenetic networks are leaf-labeled, rooted, acyclic, and directed graphs that are used to model reticulate evolutionary histories. Several measures for quantifying the topological dissimilarity between two phylogenetic networks have been devised, each of which was proven to be a metric on certain restricted classes of phylogenetic networks. A biologically motivated class of phylogenetic networks, namely, reduced phylogenetic networks, was recently introduced. None of the existing measures is a metric on the space of reduced phylogenetic networks. In this paper, we provide a metric on the space of reduced phylogenetic networks that is computable in time polynomial in the size of the networks. © 2006 IEEE."
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Gabriel Cardona,
Mercè Llabrés,
Francesc Rosselló and
Gabriel Valiente. Path lengths in tree-child time consistent hybridization networks. In Information Sciences, Vol. 180(3):366-383, 2010.
Keywords: distance between networks, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, time consistent network, tree child network.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/0807.0087?context=cs.CE.
Toggle abstract
"Hybridization networks are representations of evolutionary histories that allow for the inclusion of reticulate events like recombinations, hybridizations, or lateral gene transfers. The recent growth in the number of hybridization network reconstruction algorithms has led to an increasing interest in the definition of metrics for their comparison that can be used to assess the accuracy or robustness of these methods. In this paper we establish some basic results that make it possible the generalization to tree-child time consistent (TCTC) hybridization networks of some of the oldest known metrics for phylogenetic trees: those based on the comparison of the vectors of path lengths between leaves. More specifically, we associate to each hybridization network a suitably defined vector of 'splitted' path lengths between its leaves, and we prove that if two TCTC hybridization networks have the same such vectors, then they must be isomorphic. Thus, comparing these vectors by means of a metric for real-valued vectors defines a metric for TCTC hybridization networks. We also consider the case of fully resolved hybridization networks, where we prove that simpler, 'non-splitted' vectors can be used. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."
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David A. Morrison. Using data-display networks for exploratory data analysis in phylogenetic studies. In MBE, Vol. 27(5):1044-1057, 2010.
Keywords: abstract network, hybridization, NeighborNet, Program SplitsTree, recombination, split decomposition.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp309.
Toggle abstract
"Exploratory data analysis (EDA) is a frequently undervalued part of data analysis in biology. It involves evaluating the characteristics of the data "before" proceeding to the definitive analysis in relation to the scientific question at hand. For phylogenetic analyses, a useful tool for EDA is a data-display network. This type of network is designed to display any character (or tree) conflict in a data set, without prior assumptions about the causes of those conflicts. The conflicts might be caused by 1) methodological issues in data collection or analysis, 2) homoplasy, or 3) horizontal gene flow of some sort. Here, I explore 13 published data sets using splits networks, as examples of using data-display networks for EDA. In each case, I performed an original EDA on the data provided, to highlight the aspects of the resulting network that will be important for an interpretation of the phylogeny. In each case, there is at least one important point (possibly missed by the original authors) that might affect the phylogenetic analysis. I conclude that EDA should play a greater role in phylogenetic analyses than it has done. © 2010 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved."
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Tetsuo Asano,
Jesper Jansson,
Kunihiko Sadakane,
Ryuhei Uehara and
Gabriel Valiente. Faster Computation of the Robinson-Foulds Distance between Phylogenetic Networks. In CPM10, Vol. 6129:190-201 of LNCS, springer, 2010.
Keywords: distance between networks, explicit network, level k phylogenetic network, phylogenetic network, polynomial, spread.
Note: http://hdl.handle.net/10119/9859, slides available at http://cs.nyu.edu/parida/CPM2010/MainPage_files/18.pdf.
Toggle abstract
"The Robinson-Foulds distance, which is the most widely used metric for comparing phylogenetic trees, has recently been generalized to phylogenetic networks. Given two networks N1,N2 with n leaves, m nodes, and e edges, the Robinson-Foulds distance measures the number of clusters of descendant leaves that are not shared by N1 and N2. The fastest known algorithm for computing the Robinson-Foulds distance between those networks runs in O(m(m + e)) time. In this paper, we improve the time complexity to O(n(m+ e)/ log n) for general networks and O(nm/log n) for general networks with bounded degree, and to optimal O(m + e) time for planar phylogenetic networks and boundedlevel phylogenetic networks.We also introduce the natural concept of the minimum spread of a phylogenetic network and show how the running time of our new algorithm depends on this parameter. As an example, we prove that the minimum spread of a level-k phylogenetic network is at most k + 1, which implies that for two level-k phylogenetic networks, our algorithm runs in O((k + 1)(m + e)) time. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010."
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Yufeng Wu and
Jiayin Wang. Fast Computation of the Exact Hybridization Number of Two Phylogenetic Trees. In ISBRA10, Vol. 6053:203-214 of LNCS, springer, 2010.
Keywords: agreement forest, explicit network, from rooted trees, hybridization, integer linear programming, minimum number, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program HybridNumber, Program SPRDist, SPR distance.
Note: http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~ywu/Papers/ISBRA10WuWang.pdf.
Toggle abstract
"Hybridization is a reticulate evolutionary process. An established problem on hybridization is computing the minimum number of hybridization events, called the hybridization number, needed in the evolutionary history of two phylogenetic trees. This problem is known to be NP-hard. In this paper, we present a new practical method to compute the exact hybridization number. Our approach is based on an integer linear programming formulation. Simulation results on biological and simulated datasets show that our method (as implemented in program SPRDist) is more efficient and robust than an existing method. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg."
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Robert G. Beiko. Gene sharing and genome evolution: networks in trees and trees in networks. In Biology and Philosophy, Vol. 25(4):659-673, 2010.
Keywords: abstract network, explicit network, from rooted trees, galled network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Dendroscope, Program SplitsTree, reconstruction, split network, survey.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10539-010-9217-3.
Toggle abstract
"Frequent lateral genetic transfer undermines the existence of a unique "tree of life" that relates all organisms. Vertical inheritance is nonetheless of vital interest in the study of microbial evolution, and knowing the "tree of cells" can yield insights into ecological continuity, the rates of change of different cellular characters, and the evolutionary plasticity of genomes. Notwithstanding within-species recombination, the relationships most frequently recovered from genomic data at shallow to moderate taxonomic depths are likely to reflect cellular inheritance. At the same time, it is clear that several types of 'average signals' from whole genomes can be highly misleading, and the existence of a central tendency must not be taken as prima facie evidence of vertical descent. Phylogenetic networks offer an attractive solution, since they can be formulated in ways that mitigate the misleading aspects of hybrid evolutionary signals in genomes. But the connections in a network typically show genetic relatedness without distinguishing between vertical and lateral inheritance of genetic material. The solution may lie in a compromise between strict tree-thinking and network paradigms: build a phylogenetic network, but identify the set of connections in the network that are potentially due to vertical descent. Even if a single tree cannot be unambiguously identified, choosing a subnetwork of putative vertical connections can still lead to drastic reductions in the set of candidate vertical hypotheses. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V."
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Miguel Arenas,
Mateus Patricio,
David Posada and
Gabriel Valiente. Characterization of Phylogenetic Networks with NetTest. In BMCB, Vol. 11:268, 2010.
Keywords: explicit network, galled tree, phylogenetic network, Program NetTest, software, time consistent network, tree child network, tree sibling network, visualization.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-268, software available at http://darwin.uvigo.es/software/nettest/.
Toggle abstract
"Background: Typical evolutionary events like recombination, hybridization or gene transfer make necessary the use of phylogenetic networks to properly depict the evolution of DNA and protein sequences. Although several theoretical classes have been proposed to characterize these networks, they make stringent assumptions that will likely not be met by the evolutionary process. We have recently shown that the complexity of simulated networks is a function of the population recombination rate, and that at moderate and large recombination rates the resulting networks cannot be categorized. However, we do not know whether these results extend to networks estimated from real data.Results: We introduce a web server for the categorization of explicit phylogenetic networks, including the most relevant theoretical classes developed so far. Using this tool, we analyzed statistical parsimony phylogenetic networks estimated from ~5,000 DNA alignments, obtained from the NCBI PopSet and Polymorphix databases. The level of characterization was correlated to nucleotide diversity, and a high proportion of the networks derived from these data sets could be formally characterized.Conclusions: We have developed a public web server, NetTest (freely available from the software section at http://darwin.uvigo.es), to formally characterize the complexity of phylogenetic networks. Using NetTest we found that most statistical parsimony networks estimated with the program TCS could be assigned to a known network class. The level of network characterization was correlated to nucleotide diversity and dependent upon the intra/interspecific levels, although no significant differences were detected among genes. More research on the properties of phylogenetic networks is clearly needed. © 2010 Arenas et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd."
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Sophie Abby,
Eric Tannier,
Manolo Gouy and
Vincent Daubin. Detecting lateral gene transfers by statistical reconciliation of phylogenetic forests. In BMCB, Vol. 11:324, 2010.
Keywords: explicit network, from rooted trees, from species tree, heuristic, lateral gene transfer, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program EEEP, Program PhyloNet, Program Prunier, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/11/324.
Toggle abstract
"Background: To understand the evolutionary role of Lateral Gene Transfer (LGT), accurate methods are needed to identify transferred genes and infer their timing of acquisition. Phylogenetic methods are particularly promising for this purpose, but the reconciliation of a gene tree with a reference (species) tree is computationally hard. In addition, the application of these methods to real data raises the problem of sorting out real and artifactual phylogenetic conflict.Results: We present Prunier, a new method for phylogenetic detection of LGT based on the search for a maximum statistical agreement forest (MSAF) between a gene tree and a reference tree. The program is flexible as it can use any definition of "agreement" among trees. We evaluate the performance of Prunier and two other programs (EEEP and RIATA-HGT) for their ability to detect transferred genes in realistic simulations where gene trees are reconstructed from sequences. Prunier proposes a single scenario that compares to the other methods in terms of sensitivity, but shows higher specificity. We show that LGT scenarios carry a strong signal about the position of the root of the species tree and could be used to identify the direction of evolutionary time on the species tree. We use Prunier on a biological dataset of 23 universal proteins and discuss their suitability for inferring the tree of life.Conclusions: The ability of Prunier to take into account branch support in the process of reconciliation allows a gain in complexity, in comparison to EEEP, and in accuracy in comparison to RIATA-HGT. Prunier's greedy algorithm proposes a single scenario of LGT for a gene family, but its quality always compares to the best solutions provided by the other algorithms. When the root position is uncertain in the species tree, Prunier is able to infer a scenario per root at a limited additional computational cost and can easily run on large datasets.Prunier is implemented in C++, using the Bio++ library and the phylogeny program Treefinder. It is available at: http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/software/prunier. © 2010 Abby et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd."
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Stefan Grünewald,
Vincent Moulton and
Andreas Spillner. Consistency of the QNet algorithm for generating planar split networks from weighted quartets. In DAM, Vol. 157(10):2325-2334, 2009.
Keywords: abstract network, consistency, from quartets, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program QNet, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2008.06.038.
Toggle abstract
"Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of evolutionary or phylogenetic trees that allow the representation of conflicting signals or alternative evolutionary histories in a single diagram. Recently the Quartet-Net or "QNet" method was introduced, a method for computing a special kind of phylogenetic network called a split network from a collection of weighted quartet trees (i.e. phylogenetic trees with 4 leaves). This can be viewed as a quartet analogue of the distance-based Neighbor-Net (NNet) method for constructing outer-labeled planar split networks. In this paper, we prove that QNet is a consistent method, that is, we prove that if QNet is applied to a collection of weighted quartets arising from a circular split weight function, then it will return precisely this function. This key property of QNet not only ensures that it is guaranteed to produce a tree if the input corresponds to a tree, and an outer-labeled planar split network if the input corresponds to such a network, but also provides the main guiding principle for the design of the method. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."
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Daniel H. Huson. Drawing Rooted Phylogenetic Networks. In TCBB, Vol. 6(1):103-109, 2009.
Keywords: explicit network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Dendroscope, Program SplitsTree, visualization.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2008.58.
Toggle abstract
"The evolutionary history of a collection of species is usually represented by a phylogenetic tree. Sometimes, phylogenetic networks are used as a means of representing reticulate evolution or of showing uncertainty and incompatibilities in evolutionary datasets. This is often done using unrooted phylogenetic networks such as split networks, due in part, to the availability of software (SplitsTree) for their computation and visualization. In this paper we discuss the problem of drawing rooted phylogenetic networks as cladograms or phylograms in a number of different views that are commonly used for rooted trees. Implementations of the algorithms are available in new releases of the Dendroscope and SplitsTree programs. © 2006 IEEE."
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Thu-Hien To and
Michel Habib. Level-k Phylogenetic Networks Are Constructable from a Dense Triplet Set in Polynomial Time. In CPM09, (5577):275-288, springer, 2009.
Keywords: explicit network, from triplets, level k phylogenetic network, minimum number, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, reconstruction.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/0901.1657.
Toggle abstract
"For a given dense triplet set Τ there exist two natural questions [7]: Does there exist any phylogenetic network consistent with Τ? In case such networks exist, can we find an effective algorithm to construct one? For cases of networks of levels k = 0, 1 or 2, these questions were answered in [1,6,7,8,10] with effective polynomial algorithms. For higher levels k, partial answers were recently obtained in [11] with an O(/Τ/k+1)time algorithm for simple networks. In this paper, we give a complete answer to the general case, solving a problem proposed in [7]. The main idea of our proof is to use a special property of SN-sets in a level-k network. As a consequence, for any fixed k, we can also find a level-k network with the minimum number of reticulations, if one exists, in polynomial time. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg."
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Martin Lott,
Andreas Spillner,
Katharina Huber and
Vincent Moulton. PADRE: A Package for Analyzing and Displaying Reticulate Evolution. In BIO, Vol. 25(9):1199-1200, 2009.
Keywords: duplication, explicit network, from multilabeled tree, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program PADRE, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp133.
Toggle abstract
"Recent advances in gene sequencing for polyploid species, coupled with standard phylogenetic tree reconstruction, leads to gene trees in which the same species can label several leaves. Such multi-labeled trees are then used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the polyploid species in question. However, this reconstruction process requires new techniques that are not available in current phylogenetic software packages. Here, we describe the software package PADRE (Package for Analyzing and Displaying Reticulate Evolution) that implements such techniques, allowing the reconstruction of complex evolutionary histories for polyploids in the form of phylogenetic networks. © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved."
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Martin Lott. New Methods for Constructing Phylogenetic Networks from Multi-Labelled Trees. PhD thesis, University of East Anglia, U.K., 2009.
Keywords: duplication, explicit network, from multilabeled tree, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program PADRE, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://www.ic0.net/thesis-martin-final.pdf.
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Josh Voorkamp né Collins. Rekernelisation Algorithms in Hybrid Phylogenies. Master's thesis, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, 2009.
Keywords: agreement forest, explicit network, FPT, from rooted trees, from unrooted trees, hybridization, minimum number, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program HybridInterleave, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2852.
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Martin Lott,
Andreas Spillner,
Katharina Huber,
Anna Petri,
Bengt Oxelman and
Vincent Moulton. Inferring polyploid phylogenies from multiply-labeled gene trees. In BMCEB, Vol. 9:216, 2009.
Keywords: duplication, explicit network, from multilabeled tree, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program PADRE, reconstruction.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-216.
Toggle abstract
"Background : Gene trees that arise in the context of reconstructing the evolutionary history of polyploid species are often multiply-labeled, that is, the same leaf label can occur several times in a single tree. This property considerably complicates the task of forming a consensus of a collection of such trees compared to usual phylogenetic trees. Results. We present a method for computing a consensus tree of multiply-labeled trees. As with the well-known greedy consensus tree approach for phylogenetic trees, our method first breaks the given collection of gene trees into a set of clusters. It then aims to insert these clusters one at a time into a tree, starting with the clusters that are supported by most of the gene trees. As the problem to decide whether a cluster can be inserted into a multiply-labeled tree is computationally hard, we have developed a heuristic method for solving this problem. Conclusion. We illustrate the applicability of our method using two collections of trees for plants of the genus Silene, that involve several allopolyploids at different levels. © 2009 Lott et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd."
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Chris Whidden and
Norbert Zeh. A Unifying View on Approximation and FPT of Agreement Forests. In WABI09, Vol. 5724:390-402 of LNCS, Springer, 2009.
Keywords: agreement forest, approximation, explicit network, FPT, minimum number, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, reconstruction.
Note: https://www.cs.dal.ca/sites/default/files/technical_reports/CS-2009-02.pdf.
Toggle abstract
"We provide a unifying view on the structure of maximum (acyclic) agreement forests of rooted and unrooted phylogenies. This enables us to obtain linear- or O(n log n)-time 3-approximation and improved fixed-parameter algorithms for the subtree prune and regraft distance between two rooted phylogenies, the tree bisection and reconnection distance between two unrooted phylogenies, and the hybridization number of two rooted phylogenies. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg."
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Philippe Gambette and
Daniel H. Huson. Improved Layout of Phylogenetic Networks. In TCBB, Vol. 5(3):472-479, 2008.
Keywords: abstract network, heuristic, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program SplitsTree, software, split network, visualization.
Note: http://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-00309694/en/.
Toggle abstract
"Split networks are increasingly being used in phylogenetic analysis. Usually, a simple equal-angle algorithm is used to draw such networks, producing layouts that leave much room for improvement. Addressing the problem of producing better layouts of split networks, this paper presents an algorithm for maximizing the area covered by the network, describes an extension of the equal-daylight algorithm to networks, looks into using a spring embedder, and discusses how to construct rooted split networks. © 2008 IEEE."
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Leo van Iersel,
Judith Keijsper,
Steven Kelk,
Leen Stougie,
Ferry Hagen and
Teun Boekhout. Constructing level-2 phylogenetic networks from triplets. In RECOMB08, Vol. 4955:450-462 of LNCS, springer, 2008.
Keywords: explicit network, from triplets, level k phylogenetic network, NP complete, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, Program Level2, reconstruction.
Note: http://homepages.cwi.nl/~iersel/level2full.pdf. An appendix with proofs can be found here http://arxiv.org/abs/0707.2890.
Toggle abstract
"Jansson and Sung showed that, given a dense set of input triplets T (representing hypotheses about the local evolutionary relationships of triplets of taxa), it is possible to determine in polynomial time whether there exists a level-1 network consistent with T, and if so, to construct such a network [24]. Here, we extend this work by showing that this problem is even polynomial time solvable for the construction of level-2 networks. This shows that, assuming density, it is tractable to construct plausible evolutionary histories from input triplets even when such histories are heavily nontree-like. This further strengthens the case for the use of triplet-based methods in the construction of phylogenetic networks. We also implemented the algorithm and applied it to yeast data. © 2009 IEEE."
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Rune Lyngsø,
Yun S. Song and
Jotun Hein. Accurate Computation of Likelihoods in the Coalescent with Recombination via Parsimony. In RECOMB08, Vol. 4955:463-477 of LNCS, springer, 2008.
Keywords: coalescent, likelihood, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, recombination, statistical model.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78839-3_41.
Toggle abstract
"Understanding the variation of recombination rates across a given genome is crucial for disease gene mapping and for detecting signatures of selection, to name just a couple of applications. A widely-used method of estimating recombination rates is the maximum likelihood approach, and the problem of accurately computing likelihoods in the coalescent with recombination has received much attention in the past. A variety of sampling and approximation methods have been proposed, but no single method seems to perform consistently better than the rest, and there still is great value in developing better statistical methods for accurately computing likelihoods. So far, with the exception of some two-locus models, it has remained unknown how the true likelihood exactly behaves as a function of model parameters, or how close estimated likelihoods are to the true likelihood. In this paper, we develop a deterministic, parsimony-based method of accurately computing the likelihood for multi-locus input data of moderate size. We first find the set of all ancestral configurations (ACs) that occur in evolutionary histories with at most k crossover recombinations. Then, we compute the likelihood by summing over all evolutionary histories that can be constructed only using the ACs in that set. We allow for an arbitrary number of crossing over, coalescent and mutation events in a history, as long as the transitions stay within that restricted set of ACs. For given parameter values, by gradually increasing the bound k until the likelihood stabilizes, we can obtain an accurate estimate of the likelihood. At least for moderate crossover rates, the algorithm-based method described here opens up a new window of opportunities for testing and fine-tuning statistical methods for computing likelihoods. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg."
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Tobias Kloepper and
Daniel H. Huson. Drawing explicit phylogenetic networks and their integration into SplitsTree. In BMCEB, Vol. 8(22), 2008.
Keywords: explicit network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program SplitsTree, software, split network, visualization.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-22.
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"Background. SplitsTree provides a framework for the calculation of phylogenetic trees and networks. It contains a wide variety of methods for the import/export, calculation and visualization of phylogenetic information. The software is developed in Java and implements a command line tool as well as a graphical user interface. Results. In this article, we present solutions to two important problems in the field of phylogenetic networks. The first problem is the visualization of explicit phylogenetic networks. To solve this, we present a modified version of the equal angle algorithm that naturally integrates reticulations into the layout process and thus leads to an appealing visualization of these networks. The second problem is the availability of explicit phylogenetic network methods for the general user. To advance the usage of explicit phylogenetic networks by biologists further, we present an extension to the SplitsTree framework that integrates these networks. By addressing these two problems, SplitsTree is among the first programs that incorporates implicit and explicit network methods together with standard phylogenetic tree methods in a graphical user interface environment. Conclusion. In this article, we presented an extension of SplitsTree 4 that incorporates explicit phylogenetic networks. The extension provides a set of core classes to handle explicit phylogenetic networks and a visualization of these networks. © 2008 Kloepper and Huson; licensee BioMed Central Ltd."
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Leo van Iersel and
Steven Kelk. Constructing the Simplest Possible Phylogenetic Network from Triplets. In ISAAC08, Vol. 5369:472-483 of LNCS, springer, 2008.
Keywords: explicit network, from triplets, galled tree, level k phylogenetic network, minimum number, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, Program Marlon, Program Simplistic.
Note: http://arxiv.org/abs/0805.1859.
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Sagi Snir and
Tamir Tuller. Novel Phylogenetic Network Inference by Combining Maximum Likelihood and Hidden Markov Models. In WABI08, Vol. 5251:354-368 of LNCS, springer, 2008.
Keywords: explicit network, from sequences, HMM, lateral gene transfer, likelihood, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, statistical model.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87361-7_30.
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"Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) is the event of transferring genetic material from one lineage in the evolutionary tree to a different lineage. HGT plays a major role in bacterial genome diversification and is a significant mechanism by which bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics. Although the prevailing assumption is of complete HGT, cases of partial HGT (which are also named chimeric HGT) where only part of a gene is horizontally transferred, have also been reported, albeit less frequently. In this work we suggest a new probabilistic model for analyzing and modeling phylogenetic networks, the NET-HMM. This new model captures the biologically realistic assumption that neighboring sites of DNA or amino acid sequences are not independent, which increases the accuracy of the inference. The model describes the phylogenetic network as a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), where each hidden state is related to one of the network's trees. One of the advantages of the NET-HMM is its ability to infer partial HGT as well as complete HGT. We describe the properties of the NET-HMM, devise efficient algorithms for solving a set of problems related to it, and implement them in software. We also provide a novel complementary significance test for evaluating the fitness of a model (NET-HMM) to a given data set. Using NET-HMM we are able to answer interesting biological questions, such as inferring the length of partial HGT's and the affected nucleotides in the genomic sequences, as well as inferring the exact location of HGT events along the tree branches. These advantages are demonstrated through the analysis of synthetical inputs and two different biological inputs. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg."
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Gabriel Cardona,
Mercè Llabrés,
Francesc Rosselló and
Gabriel Valiente. Phylogenetic Networks: Justification, Models, Distances and Algorithms. In VI Jornadas de Matemática Discreta y Algorítmica (JMDA'08), 2008.
Keywords: distance between networks, mu distance, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, polynomial, survey, time consistent network, tree child network, tripartition distance, triplet distance.
Note: http://bioinfo.uib.es/media/uploaded/jmda2008_submission_61-1.pdf.
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Cuong Than,
Derek Ruths and
Luay Nakhleh. PhyloNet: A Software Package for Analyzing and Reconstructing Reticulate Evolutionary Relationships. In BMCB, Vol. 9(322), 2008.
Keywords: Program PhyloNet, software.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-322.
Toggle abstract
"Background: Phylogenies, i.e., the evolutionary histories of groups of taxa, play a major role in representing the interrelationships among biological entities. Many software tools for reconstructing and evaluating such phylogenies have been proposed, almost all of which assume the underlying evolutionary history to be a tree. While trees give a satisfactory first-order approximation for many families of organisms, other families exhibit evolutionary mechanisms that cannot be represented by trees. Processes such as horizontal gene transfer (HGT), hybrid speciation, and interspecific recombination, collectively referred to as reticulate evolutionary events, result in networks, rather than trees, of relationships. Various software tools have been recently developed to analyze reticulate evolutionary relationships, which include SplitsTree4, LatTrans, EEEP, HorizStory, and T-REX. Results: In this paper, we report on the PhyloNet software package, which is a suite of tools for analyzing reticulate evolutionary relationships, or evolutionary networks, which are rooted, directed, acyclic graphs, leaf-labeled by a set of taxa. These tools can be classified into four categories: (1) evolutionary network representation: reading/writing evolutionary networks in a newly devised compact form; (2) evolutionary network characterization: analyzing evolutionary networks in terms of three basic building blocks - trees, clusters, and tripartitions; (3) evolutionary network comparison: comparing two evolutionary networks in terms of topological dissimilarities, as well as fitness to sequence evolution under a maximum parsimony criterion; and (4) evolutionary network reconstruction: reconstructing an evolutionary network from a species tree and a set of gene trees. Conclusion: The software package, PhyloNet, offers an array of utilities to allow for efficient and accurate analysis of evolutionary networks. The software package will help significantly in analyzing large data sets, as well as in studying the performance of evolutionary network reconstruction methods. Further, the software package supports the proposed eNewick format for compact representation of evolutionary networks, a feature that allows for efficient interoperability of evolutionary network software tools. Currently, all utilities in PhyloNet are invoked on the command line. © 2008 Than et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd."
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Miguel Arenas,
Gabriel Valiente and
David Posada. Characterization of reticulate networks based on the coalescent with recombination. In MBE, Vol. 25(12):2517-2520, 2008.
Keywords: coalescent, evaluation, explicit network, galled tree, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Recodon, regular network, simulation, tree child network, tree sibling network.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn219.
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"Phylogenetic networks aim to represent the evolutionary history of taxa. Within these, reticulate networks are explicitly able to accommodate evolutionary events like recombination, hybridization, or lateral gene transfer. Although several metrics exist to compare phylogenetic networks, they make several assumptions regarding the nature of the networks that are not likely to be fulfilled by the evolutionary process. In order to characterize the potential disagreement between the algorithms and the biology, we have used the coalescent with recombination to build the type of networks produced by reticulate evolution and classified them as regular, tree sibling, tree child, or galled trees. We show that, as expected, the complexity of these reticulate networks is a function of the population recombination rate. At small recombination rates, most of the networks produced are already more complex than regular or tree sibling networks, whereas with moderate and large recombination rates, no network fit into any of the standard classes. We conclude that new metrics still need to be devised in order to properly compare two phylogenetic networks that have arisen from reticulating evolutionary process. © 2008 The Authors."
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Supriya Munshaw and
Thomas B. Kepler. An Information-Theoretic Method for the Treatment of Plural Ancestry in Phylogenetics. In MBE, Vol. 25(6):1199-1208, 2008.
Keywords: explicit network, from sequences, heuristic, phylogenetic network, reconstruction, simulated annealing, software.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn066.
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"In the presence of recombination and gene conversion, a given genomic segment may inherit information from 2 distinct immediate ancestors. The importance of this type of molecular inheritance has become increasingly clear over the years, and the potential for erroneous inference when it is not accounted for in the statistical model is well documented. Yet, the inclusion of plural ancestry (PA) in phylogenetic analysis is still not routine. This omission is due to the greater difficulty of phylogenetic inference on general acyclic graphs compared that on with trees and the accompanying computational burden. We have developed a technique for phylogenetic inference in the presence of PA based on the principle of minimum description length, which assigns a cost - the description length - to each network topology given the observed sequence data. The description length combines the cost of poor data fit and model complexity in terms of information. This device allows us to search through network topologies to minimize the total description length. By comparing the best models obtained with and without PA, one can determine whether or not recombination has played an active role in the evolution of the genes under investigation, identify those genes that appear to be mosaic, and infer the phylogenetic network that best represents the history of the alignment. We show that the method performs well on simulated data and demonstrate its application on HIV env gene sequence data from 8 human subjects. The software implementation of the method is available upon request. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved."
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Miguel Arenas and
David Posada. Recodon: Coalescent simulation of coding DNA sequences with recombination, migration and demography. In BMCB, Vol. 8(458), 2008.
Keywords: coalescent, generation, Program Recodon, software.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-8-458.
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"Background: Coalescent simulations have proven very useful in many population genetics studies. In order to arrive to meaningful conclusions, it is important that these simulations resemble the process of molecular evolution as much as possible. To date, no single coalescent program is able to simulate codon sequences sampled from populations with recombination, migration and growth. Results: We introduce a new coalescent program, called Recodon, which is able to simulate samples of coding DNA sequences under complex scenarios in which several evolutionary forces can interact simultaneously (namely, recombination, migration and demography). The basic codon model implemented is an extension to the general time-reversible model of nucleotide substitution with a proportion of invariable sites and among-site rate variation. In addition, the program implements non-reversible processes and mixtures of different codon models. Conclusion: Recodon is a flexible tool for the simulation of coding DNA sequences under realistic evolutionary models. These simulations can be used to build parameter distributions for testing evolutionary hypotheses using experimental data. Recodon is written in C, can run in parallel, and is freely available from http://darwin.uvigo.es/. © 2007 Arenas and Posada; licensee BioMed Central Ltd."
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Stefan Grünewald,
Kristoffer Forslund,
Andreas W. M. Dress and
Vincent Moulton. QNet: An agglomerative method for the construction of phylogenetic networks from weighted quartets. In MBE, Vol. 24(2):532-538, 2007.
Keywords: abstract network, circular split system, from quartets, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program QNet, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/2/532.
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"We present QNet, a method for constructing split networks from weighted quartet trees. QNet can be viewed as a quartet analogue of the distance-based Neighbor-Net (NNet) method for network construction. Just as NNet, QNet works by agglomeratively computing a collection of circular weighted splits of the taxa set which is subsequently represented by a planar split network. To illustrate the applicability of QNet, we apply it to a previously published Salmonella data set. We conclude that QNet can provide a useful alternative to NNet if distance data are not available or a character-based approach is preferred. Moreover, it can be used as an aid for determining when a quartet-based tree-building method may or may not be appropriate for a given data set. QNet is freely available for download. © The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved."
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Barbara R. Holland,
Glenn Conner,
Katharina Huber and
Vincent Moulton. Imputing Supertrees and Supernetworks from Quartets. In Systematic Biology, Vol. 56(1):57-67, 2007.
Keywords: abstract network, from unrooted trees, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Quartet, reconstruction, split network, supernetwork.
Note: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.99.3215.
Toggle abstract
"Inferring species phylogenies is an important part of understanding molecular evolution. Even so, it is well known that an accurate phylogenetic tree reconstruction for a single gene does not always necessarily correspond to the species phylogeny. One commonly accepted strategy to cope with this problem is to sequence many genes; the way in which to analyze the resulting collection of genes is somewhat more contentious. Supermatrix and supertree methods can be used, although these can suppress conflicts arising from true differences in the gene trees caused by processes such as lineage sorting, horizontal gene transfer, or gene duplication and loss. In 2004, Huson et al. (IEEE/ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinformatics 1:151-158) presented the Z-closure method that can circumvent this problem by generating a supernetwork as opposed to a supertree. Here we present an alternative way for generating supernetworks called Q-imputation. In particular, we describe a method that uses quartet information to add missing taxa into gene trees. The resulting trees are subsequently used to generate consensus networks, networks that generalize strict and majority-rule consensus trees. Through simulations and application to real data sets, we compare Q-imputation to the matrix representation with parsimony (MRP) supertree method and Z-closure, and demonstrate that it provides a useful complementary tool. Copyright © Society of Systematic Biologists."
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Katharina Huber,
Bengt Oxelman,
Martin Lott and
Vincent Moulton. Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of Polyploids from Multilabeled Trees. In MBE, Vol. 23(9):1784-1791, 2007.
Keywords: duplication, explicit network, from multilabeled tree, from trees, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program PADRE, reconstruction, software.
Note: http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/23/9/1784.
Toggle abstract
"In recent studies, phylogenetic networks have been derived from so-called multilabeled trees in order to understand the origins of certain polyploids. Although the trees used in these studies were constructed using sophisticated techniques in phylogenetic analysis, the presented networks were inferred using ad hoc arguments that cannot be easily extended to larger, more complicated examples. In this paper, we present a general method for constructing such networks, which takes as input a multilabeled phylogenetic tree and outputs a phylogenetic network with certain desirable properties. To illustrate the applicability of our method, we discuss its use in reconstructing the evolutionary history of plant allopolyploids. We conclude with a discussion concerning possible future directions. The network construction method has been implemented and is freely available for use from http://www.uea.ac.uk/ ∼a043878/padre.html. © The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved."
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Daniel H. Huson and
Tobias Kloepper. Beyond Galled Trees - Decomposition and Computation of Galled Networks. In RECOMB07, Vol. 4453:211-225 of LNCS, springer, 2007.
Keywords: FPT, from splits, from trees, galled network, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program SplitsTree, reconstruction.
Note: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71681-5_15, errata..
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Guohua Jin,
Luay Nakhleh,
Sagi Snir and
Tamir Tuller. A New Linear-time Heuristic Algorithm for Computing the Parsimony Score of Phylogenetic Networks: Theoretical Bounds and Empirical Performance. In ISBRA07, Vol. 4463:61-72 of LNCS, springer, 2007.
Keywords: approximation, heuristic, parsimony, phylogenetic network, phylogeny, Program Nepal.
Note: http://www.cs.rice.edu/~nakhleh/Papers/isbra07.pdf.
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